Confusion within mental health often begins with the titles of professionals. Although they begin with the prefix psych, each professional holds a different role. Which one(s) do you require?

Psychotherapists work with individual persons or in small groups. Their role is to assess, but not diagnose, emotional, mental, or behavioural issues the person is experiencing then assist the person using preferred therapy modalities. Individuals can self-refer to psychotherapy which can be found through community organizations or private practices. Psychotherapists hold a master’s degree in Psychology or Social Work and are permitted to work with people who do not have a formal diagnosis for their symptoms. Wait times and fees are often lower than seeing a psychologist.

Psychologists hold a Doctoral Degree and are permitted to diagnose mental health issues. Although most of the role of a psychologist is to assess, test and diagnose, some will offer counselling like a psychotherapist. Individuals may self-refer to community organizations, hospitals, and private practice; however, in some area’s family Doctors must complete the full referral. Fees are associated with private practice assessments and therapy; hospital or community-based organization fees are often covered by Provincial funding but have longer wait times.

Psychiatrists hold a full medical degree and oversee pharmaceutical medication the individual requires to assist with improving their coping methods. Psychiatrists are usually referred to by Family Doctors who do not have expertise in high-risk mental health issues. The wait time is usually long, and appointments are often brief; however, fees are covered in Ontario through the OHIP program.

In some cases, psychotherapists, psychologists, and psychiatrists work together for the overall well-being of the client. In short, if you want an assessment to get a diagnosis you will see a psychologist. If you require medication over and above what your family doctor can prescribe you will see a psychiatrist. If you want to work through distressing emotions, thoughts, and behaviours, or want to work on managing or maintaining these areas a psychotherapist is recommended.

Learn more about therapy